Phormium tenax (Harakeke / New Zealand Flax) is a robust, iconic New Zealand native plant, valued for its architectural form, tall sword-like leaves, and cultural significance. It’s widely used in gardens, landscaping, and ecological restoration.
 
Description
Evergreen clump-forming flax with long, upright, sword-shaped leaves
Leaves are stiff and dark green, sometimes with reddish tones
Produces tall flower spikes with nectar-rich tubular flowers in summer
Can grow 2–3 metres high with a similar spread
Hardy, long-lived, and highly versatile
 
Growing Conditions
Thrives in full sun to partial shade
Prefers well-drained soil; tolerates wet or poor soils
Moderate watering; drought-tolerant once established
Hardy to wind, frost, and coastal exposure
Low maintenance; remove old leaves and flower stalks if needed
 
Uses in Landscaping
Ideal for feature plantings, coastal gardens, and native landscapes
Excellent as a screen, hedge, or specimen plant
Provides nectar for native birds and insects
Suitable for public parks, restoration projects, and residential gardens
Works well in mass plantings for dramatic architectural impact