Phormium cookianum, commonly known as Mountain Flax or Wharariki, is a species of Phormium native to New Zealand. 
 
Description:
 
Growth Habit: Phormium cookianum is a clump-forming perennial with a compact growth habit. It typically reaches a height of around 1 to 2 meters and has a similar spread.
Leaves: The leaves of Phormium cookianum are long, strap-like, and rigid. They are usually dark green, although there are cultivars available with bronze or reddish-colored leaves.
Flowers: This species produces tall flower spikes that can reach up to 3 meters in height. The flowers are tubular and pendulous, with shades of yellow, orange, or red, depending on the variety. The flowering period typically occurs in spring and summer.
Berries: After flowering, Phormium cookianum may bear small, dry capsules that contain seeds.
 
Growing Conditions:
 
Sunlight: Phormium cookianum prefers full sun to partial shade. It grows best in areas with ample sunlight, but it can tolerate some shade.
Soil: This plant thrives in well-draining soil and can grow in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. It can also tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil pH levels.
Watering: Once established, Phormium cookianum is relatively drought-tolerant. However, regular watering during dry spells will help maintain its health and appearance.
Temperature: This plant is well-suited for temperate and subtropical climates. It can tolerate light frosts but may require protection in colder regions with harsh winters.
Maintenance: Phormium cookianum is a low-maintenance plant. Remove dead or discolored leaves as needed to maintain its appearance. After flowering, the flower spikes can be cut back to encourage new growth.
 
Uses in Landscaping
 
Borders and Edges: Ideal for creating structured borders or edges along pathways, driveways, and garden beds. Its graceful, arching leaves add a soft, flowing element to the landscape.
Mass Planting: Can be planted in groups for a dramatic visual impact. Mass plantings of Phormium cookianum create a bold, textural element in large landscapes.
Coastal Gardens: Well-suited for coastal environments due to its tolerance of salt spray and windy conditions. Provides a robust and attractive option for seaside landscapes.
Erosion Control: Useful for stabilizing soil on slopes and embankments. Its extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion.
Low-Maintenance Gardens: Ideal for low-maintenance garden designs due to its hardy nature and minimal care requirements.