Macropiper excelsum (Kawakawa) is a distinctive New Zealand native shrub or small tree, valued for its heart-shaped aromatic leaves and cultural significance. It’s hardy, shade-tolerant, and important for both gardens and ecological plantings.
 
Description
Evergreen native shrub or small tree
Heart-shaped, bright green leaves with a peppery aroma when crushed
Produces small, inconspicuous flowers, followed by bright orange-red berries
Typically grows 2–6 metres high, occasionally taller
Long-lived, hardy, and attracts native birds
 
Growing Conditions
Thrives in full sun to full shade
Prefers well-drained soil, tolerates a range of soils
Moderate watering; drought-tolerant once established
Hardy to frost and coastal exposure
Low maintenance; occasional pruning for shape or clearance
 
Uses in Landscaping
Ideal for shade gardens, understory planting, and native garden layers
Excellent as a feature plant or specimen shrub
Attracts birds and pollinators, supporting biodiversity
Suitable for revegetation and ecological restoration projects
Works well in residential gardens, parks, and naturalistic plantings